This first comprehensive study of the interaction between technology and taxation approaches the subject along four main avenues: insight and analysis gained from empirical legal studies conducted in the area of taxation; methods for improving the control and management of the tax function in business; tax auditing through statistical sampling; and changes in the fiscal environment as a result of technological capabilities. Among the topics that arise are the following:rnwhat choices of sampling methodology exist;rndetermination of both one-sided and two-sided confidence intervals;rnunder what circumstances statistical sampling is acceptable as proof of underpayment and as a basis for penalties;rnthe use of sampling agreements as a tool to improve taxpayers??understanding of the process;rncomplexities encountered by the introduction of technology in tax administration in developing countries;rntechnological capability to detect economic activity in the informal sector;rntechnological innovation as substitute for inadequate human capacity;rnimprovements available to better monitor the movement and values of goods entering a country;rnsafeguards to prevent unauthorized use of personal information;rnprioritizing resources to ensure that the key strategic objectives of the agency are being addressed;rngovernment defensive action and the threat to privacy; andrncapabilities and limitations of enterprise resource planning systems and tax engines.rnAlthough the author pays especially detailed attention to the technologies developed and used by the United States Internal Revenue Service, other notable systems developed by the European Union, Brazil, Mexico, and China are also examined. Various sampling methods and practices are illustrated with numerical examples. As tax systems acquire ever higher levels of integration, and because accuracy is crucial to the measurement of tax compliance, the perspectives opened and expertly analyzed by the author will prove of great importance. Practitioners, tax policymakers and administrators, tax standard setters, and tribunals dealing with disputes over tax administration and procedure, as well as academics and researchers, will instantly recognize the book's great importance and practical value.